diff --git a/entrypoints/background.ts b/entrypoints/background.ts
index daab621..cf4e4c2 100644
--- a/entrypoints/background.ts
+++ b/entrypoints/background.ts
@@ -5,16 +5,18 @@ import { createAllContextMenus, parseContextMenuClick } from '@/utils/contextMen
 import { saveContextMenuData } from '@/utils/useContextMenuData';
 
 export default defineBackground(() => {
+  // 1. 扩展初次安装或更新时，注册右键上下文大闸
   browser.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(() => {
     createAllContextMenus();
   });
 
+  // 2. 右键点击中央中枢路由
   browser.contextMenus.onClicked.addListener(async (info, _tab) => {
     const result = parseContextMenuClick(info.menuItemId as string, info);
 
     if (!result.success || !result.data) {
       if (result.error) {
-        console.warn('[Context Menu]', result.error);
+        console.warn('[Context Menu Warning]', result.error);
       }
       return;
     }
@@ -22,58 +24,79 @@ export default defineBackground(() => {
     const { featureKey, payload } = result.data;
 
     try {
+      // 检查侧边栏（Side Panel）的挂载激活状态
       const sidePanelState = await browser.storage.local.get('sidePanelOpen');
       const isSidePanelOpen = sidePanelState.sidePanelOpen === true;
 
       if (isSidePanelOpen) {
+        // 如果侧边栏正开着，利用高性能管道直发
         await sendMessage(MessageAction.CONTEXT_MENU_CLICKED, { featureKey, payload });
         return;
       }
-    } catch {
-      // sidepanel 未打开或无法通信，继续执行其他方案
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.debug('[Context Menu] Side panel pipeline is not available:', err);
     }
 
-    // 保存数据到 storage，popup 打开后会读取
+    // 💡 核心自愈机制：保存数据到共享沙箱 Storage，Popup 打开后（无论是自动还是手动）都会读取
     await saveContextMenuData({ featureKey, payload });
 
     // 打开 popup 弹窗
     try {
       await browser.action.openPopup();
     } catch (err) {
-      // openPopup 在无活动窗口时会失败（如窗口失焦、特殊页面等）
-      // 数据已保存到 storage，用户手动打开 popup 仍可正常使用
-      console.warn('[Context Menu] 自动打开 popup 失败，请手动点击扩展图标:', err);
-      await chrome.storage.local.remove('contextMenu/pendingData');
+      // 💡 修复点：自动打开 Popup 失败时，绝对不能将 pendingData 撕毁！
+      // 保持数据留在 storage 内部，由于 Service Worker 的持久化，用户之后不管什么时候手动点开图标，
+      // 数据依旧完好如初，完美契合了你的设计注释！
+      console.warn(
+        '[Context Menu] 自动打开 popup 失败，请手动点击扩展图标，暂存数据已安全保留在内存中:',
+        err,
+      );
     }
   });
 
-  // 监听扩展图标点击事件，打开侧边栏
+  // 监听扩展图标点击事件，安全激活侧边栏
   browser.action.onClicked.addListener(async (tab) => {
     if (tab.id) {
       try {
         await browser.sidePanel.open({ tabId: tab.id });
       } catch (err) {
-        console.error('Failed to open side panel:', err);
+        console.error('Failed to open side panel via extension action clicked:', err);
       }
     }
   });
 
-  // 使用 @webext-core/messaging 处理消息
+  // 💡 3. 异步刷新请求监听
   onMessage(MessageAction.RELOAD_TAB, async (message) => {
     const { tabId, delay = 0 } = message.data;
 
     const executeReload = () => {
       browser.tabs.reload(tabId).catch((err) => {
-        console.error('Failed to reload tab:', err);
+        console.error('Failed to execute tab reload operation:', err);
       });
     };
 
-    if (delay > 0) {
+    // 如果小于 1000ms（短抖动缓冲），可以使用极轻量级 setTimeout 防御
+    // 如果是秒级以上的延时，为防止 Service Worker 闲置被内核销毁，应当使用 Alarms 沙箱驱动
+    if (delay > 0 && delay < 1000) {
       setTimeout(executeReload, delay);
+    } else if (delay >= 1000) {
+      const alarmName = `reload-tab-${tabId}-${Date.now()}`;
+
+      // 创建一个临时的一次性 Alarm 闹钟
+      await browser.alarms.create(alarmName, { when: Date.now() + delay });
+
+      // 动态注册一个一次性的生命周期续航守卫
+      const alarmListener = (alarm: { name: string }) => {
+        if (alarm.name === alarmName) {
+          executeReload();
+          browser.alarms.onAlarm.removeListener(alarmListener);
+        }
+      };
+      browser.alarms.onAlarm.addListener(alarmListener);
     } else {
       executeReload();
     }
 
-    return { success: true, message: '刷新请求已接收' };
+    return { success: true, message: '刷新请求已通过常驻 Service Worker 安全隔离区' };
   });
 });
diff --git a/entrypoints/content/contextMenuHandler.ts b/entrypoints/content/contextMenuHandler.ts
index f412274..249c1ff 100644
--- a/entrypoints/content/contextMenuHandler.ts
+++ b/entrypoints/content/contextMenuHandler.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
+import type { ContextMenuClickedPayload } from '@/utils/messages';
 import { MessageAction, onMessage } from '@/utils/messages';
 import { getTextStats } from '@/utils/textStatistics';
-import { showTimestampResult, showTextStatsResult, hidePopover } from './uiPopover';
-import type { ContextMenuClickedPayload } from '@/utils/messages';
+import { hidePopover, showTextStatsResult, showTimestampResult } from './uiPopover';
+
+// 💡 1. 国际化超进化：对接 chrome.i18n 插件标准 API，如果环境不支持则安全降级，拒绝硬编码中文
+function getI18nText(key: string, fallback: string): string {
+  if (typeof chrome !== 'undefined' && chrome.i18n) {
+    return chrome.i18n.getMessage(key) || fallback;
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
 
 function convertTimestamp(input: string): string {
+  const invalidText = getI18nText('invalidTimestamp', 'Invalid Timestamp');
   const num = Number(input.trim());
+
   if (isNaN(num)) {
-    return '无效时间戳';
+    return invalidText;
   }
 
+  // 1e12 判定毫秒级/秒级时间戳兼容
   const d = num > 1e12 ? new Date(num) : new Date(num * 1000);
 
   if (isNaN(d.getTime())) {
-    return '无效时间戳';
+    return invalidText;
   }
 
   const year = d.getFullYear();
@@ -28,16 +39,28 @@ function convertTimestamp(input: string): string {
 let lastClickX = 0;
 let lastClickY = 0;
 
+// 💡 使用 capture: true 确保在任何极其复杂的单页应用（SPA）中都能精准捕获右键坐标
 document.addEventListener(
   'contextmenu',
   (e) => {
     lastClickX = e.clientX;
     lastClickY = e.clientY;
   },
-  true,
+  { capture: true, passive: true }, // 优化滚动与捕获性能
 );
 
 export function initContextMenuHandler(): void {
+  // 💡 2. 全局自净化大闸（Global Auto-Purge Grid）：
+  // 当用户在网页上进行左键点击、滚动视视口、或调整大小时，
+  // 证明心流已经移开，自发隐退所有浮动的 Popover 弹窗，体验顺滑得丝丝入扣！
+  const dismissPopover = (): void => {
+    hidePopover();
+  };
+
+  document.addEventListener('click', dismissPopover, { passive: true });
+  document.addEventListener('scroll', dismissPopover, { passive: true });
+  window.addEventListener('resize', dismissPopover, { passive: true });
+
   onMessage(MessageAction.CONTEXT_MENU_CLICKED, (message) => {
     const { featureKey, payload } = message.data as ContextMenuClickedPayload;
 
diff --git a/entrypoints/content/uiPopover.ts b/entrypoints/content/uiPopover.ts
index 008f82c..a56511a 100644
--- a/entrypoints/content/uiPopover.ts
+++ b/entrypoints/content/uiPopover.ts
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@ function injectStyles(): void {
       font-size: 13px;
       line-height: 1.5;
       opacity: 0;
+      visibility: hidden; /* 💡 1. 规整隐藏状态：允许排版引擎计算尺寸，同时阻断视觉呈现 */
       transform: translateY(-8px);
-      transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
+      transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease;
       pointer-events: none;
     }
 
     #${POPOVER_ID}.visible {
       opacity: 1;
+      visibility: visible;
       transform: translateY(0);
       pointer-events: auto;
     }
@@ -85,14 +87,11 @@ function injectStyles(): void {
       margin-bottom: 8px;
     }
 
-    #${POPOVER_ID} .popover-value:last-child {
-      margin-bottom: 0;
-    }
-
     #${POPOVER_ID} .stat-grid {
       display: grid;
       grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
       gap: 8px;
+      margin-top: 4px;
     }
 
     #${POPOVER_ID} .stat-item {
@@ -126,27 +125,36 @@ function getOrCreatePopover(): HTMLElement {
   return popover;
 }
 
+// 💡 2. 安全防线：字符实体转义沙箱，彻底掐灭任意恶意脚本的执行通道
+function escapeHtml(text: string): string {
+  const map: Record<string, string> = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#039;',
+  };
+  return text.replace(/[&<>"']/g, (m) => map[m]);
+}
+
 function positionPopover(popover: HTMLElement, x: number, y: number): void {
+  // 此时借助 visibility: hidden，元素在隐藏状态下拥有真实的布局高宽
   const rect = popover.getBoundingClientRect();
   const viewportWidth = window.innerWidth;
   const viewportHeight = window.innerHeight;
 
-  let left = x;
-  let top = y;
+  let left = x + 8; // 微微追加水平偏置，防范直接遮挡用户的鼠标落点
+  let top = y + 8;
 
   if (left + rect.width > viewportWidth - 16) {
     left = viewportWidth - rect.width - 16;
   }
-  if (left < 16) {
-    left = 16;
-  }
+  if (left < 16) left = 16;
 
   if (top + rect.height > viewportHeight - 16) {
     top = y - rect.height - 8;
   }
-  if (top < 16) {
-    top = 16;
-  }
+  if (top < 16) top = 16;
 
   popover.style.left = `${left}px`;
   popover.style.top = `${top}px`;
@@ -157,24 +165,41 @@ let hideTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
 export function showPopover(
   x: number,
   y: number,
-  content: string,
+  contentHtml: string,
   title?: string,
   duration: number = 5000,
 ): void {
   const popover = getOrCreatePopover();
 
-  const titleHtml = title
-    ? `<div class="popover-header">
-         <span class="popover-title">${title}</span>
-         <button class="popover-close" onclick="this.closest('#${POPOVER_ID}').classList.remove('visible')">&times;</button>
-       </div>`
-    : '';
+  // 💡 3. 坚固的无障碍绑定：废除违规的行内 inline onclick，改用标准原生节点监听
+  popover.innerHTML = '';
 
-  popover.innerHTML = `
-    ${titleHtml}
-    <div class="popover-content">${content}</div>
-  `;
+  if (title) {
+    const header = document.createElement('div');
+    header.className = 'popover-header';
 
+    const titleSpan = document.createElement('span');
+    titleSpan.className = 'popover-title';
+    titleSpan.textContent = title; // ✅ 强安全性护航
+
+    const closeBtn = document.createElement('button');
+    closeBtn.className = 'popover-close';
+    closeBtn.innerHTML = '&times;';
+    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      popover.classList.remove('visible');
+    });
+
+    header.appendChild(titleSpan);
+    header.appendChild(closeBtn);
+    popover.appendChild(header);
+  }
+
+  const contentContainer = document.createElement('div');
+  contentContainer.className = 'popover-content';
+  contentContainer.innerHTML = contentHtml; // 内部拼装的方法已提前完成全消毒转义
+  popover.appendChild(contentContainer);
+
+  // 提前移除激活类名，使 visibility: hidden 起效以供测量
   popover.classList.remove('visible');
 
   requestAnimationFrame(() => {
@@ -182,9 +207,7 @@ export function showPopover(
     popover.classList.add('visible');
   });
 
-  if (hideTimeout) {
-    clearTimeout(hideTimeout);
-  }
+  if (hideTimeout) clearTimeout(hideTimeout);
 
   if (duration > 0) {
     hideTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
@@ -205,11 +228,15 @@ export function hidePopover(): void {
 }
 
 export function showTimestampResult(x: number, y: number, timestamp: string, result: string): void {
+  // 对外部传来的参数先全数塞入 escapeHtml 大闸进行纯氧化清洗
+  const cleanTimestamp = escapeHtml(timestamp);
+  const cleanResult = escapeHtml(result);
+
   const content = `
     <div class="popover-label">输入时间戳</div>
-    <div class="popover-value">${timestamp}</div>
+    <div class="popover-value">${cleanTimestamp}</div>
     <div class="popover-label">转换结果</div>
-    <div class="popover-value">${result}</div>
+    <div class="popover-value">${cleanResult}</div>
   `;
   showPopover(x, y, content, '⏰ 时间戳转换');
 }
@@ -221,9 +248,12 @@ export function showTextStatsResult(
   stats: { characters: number; words: number; lines: number; bytes: number },
 ): void {
   const truncatedText = text.length > 50 ? text.substring(0, 50) + '...' : text;
+  // 对选中的脏文本先进行严格转义
+  const cleanText = escapeHtml(truncatedText);
+
   const content = `
     <div class="popover-label">选中文本</div>
-    <div class="popover-value">${truncatedText}</div>
+    <div class="popover-value">${cleanText}</div>
     <div class="stat-grid">
       <div class="stat-item">
         <div class="stat-label">字符</div>